I remember one of the Terminator movies in which the cyborg was damaged but soon repaired himself enough to continue the fight. GIZMAG just published this article:
Self-healing electronics may result in less expensive, longer-lasting devices
that details the actual techniques involved in such a system. Though in my mind, building microchips with such things is simply impractical since there are many thousands of current paths in them.

The idea of bubbles bursting and releasing conductive fluid that solidifies in milliseconds may be better suited to longer wires and such that could be more likely damaged because they are much longer and larger than the microchips may be plausible. But the speed at which they repair themselves takes all the drama away.
